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The Dative Case
Impersonal Constructions
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The dative case is often used in Russian when the issue discussed is viewed as resulting from exterior factors rather than the person’s free will.
For example, age can be regarded as something given to us by life or fate, not as something we do ourselves. From this perspective, using the dative to express age makes perfect sense.
мне | нам | 25 лет | |
тебе́ | вам | ||
ему́ | им | ||
ей |
– Ско́лько вам лет?
– Нам уже́ 18 лет.
– Ско́лько тебе́ лет?
– Мне 3 го́да.
Им 2 ме́сяца.
Э́то Маша. Ей 1 год.
Feelings and emotions
In the same way, the dative is used when we talk about feelings, emotions, and physical states caused by the environment rather than our own conscious effort, so we don’t describe a personality, but just feelings that come from outside factors.
Он плохо́й. He is a bad person
≠
Ему́ пло́хо . He is feeling bad
Я хоро́ший челове́к.
Мне хорошо́!
Он холо́дный.
Ему́ не хо́лодно.
Она́ стра́шная.
Ей о́чень стра́шно.